Hubs connect computers together in a network. Due to their design, they increase the chances for collisions.
Hubs operate in the of the and have no intelligence. Hubs flood incoming packets to all ports all the time.
For this reason, if a network is connected using hubs, the chances of a collision increases linearly with the number of computers (assuming equal bandwidth use). Hubs pose a security risk since all packets are flooded to all ports all the time. If a user has packet sniffing software, they can extract data from the network and potentially decode it and use it.
Hubs make it easy to 'spy' on users on the same LAN as you. A wireless repeater. A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. Because repeaters work with the actual physical signal, and do not attempt to interpret the data being transmitted, they operate on the, the first layer of the.
Repeaters are majorly employed in long distance transmission to reduce the effect of attenuation. It is important to note that repeaters do not amplify the original signal but simply regenerate it. A network interface card is a computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It is both an OSI layer 1 and layer 2 device, as it provides physical access to a networking medium and provides a low-level addressing system through the use of. It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wirelessly. Most motherboards today come equipped with a network interface card in the form of a controller, with the hardware built into the board itself, eliminating the need for a standalone card. Media converters are simple networking devices that make it possible to connect two dissimilar media types such as twisted pair with fiber optic cabling.
They were introduced to the industry nearly two decades ago, and are important in interconnecting fiber optic cabling-based systems with existing copper-based, structured cabling systems. Media converters support many different data communication protocols including, as well as multiple cabling types such as, and fiber optics. When expanding the reach of a to span multiple locations, media converters are useful in connecting multiple LANs to form one large 'campus area network' that spans over a limited geographic area. As local networks are primarily copper-based, media converters can extend the reach of the LAN over single-mode fiber up to 130 kilometers with 1550 nm optics.
Switches are often confused with bridges because they also operate at the of the. Similar to a hub, switches provide a central connection between two or more computers on a network, but with some intelligence. They provide traffic control for packets; rather than forwarding data to all the connected ports, a switch forwards data only to the port on which the destination system is connected.
They use a database of to determine where computers are located and very efficiently send packets only where they need to go. The database is created dynamically as computers communicate on the network. The switch simply watches the incoming packets and memorizes the MAC address and port a packet arrives on. If a packet arrives with a destination computer that the switch does not have an address for in its MAC address table, it will flood the packet out all connected ports. A switch creates separate collision domains for each physical connection. A switch will only create separate broadcast domains if separate (Virtual Local Area Networks) are assigned to different ports on the switch.
Otherwise, a received on one port will be flooded out all ports except the one it came in on. Bridges can be identified by the fact that they operate at the of the. Bridges have intelligence and can 'bridge' two of their ports together at very high speed. They use a database of to determine where computers are located and very efficiently send frames only where they need to go. The database is created dynamically as computers communicate on the network. A bridge simply watches the incoming frame and memorizes the MAC address and port a frame arrives on. It uses this information to locate a computer if a packet comes in that must be forwarded to it.
If a frame arrives at the bridge and the bridge does not know where to send it, the bridge will flood the frame just like a hub does. Bridging is often inaccurately called switching.
A wireless access point (WAP or AP) is a device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or related standards. The WAP usually connects to a wired network, and can relay data between the wireless devices (such as computers or printers) and wired devices on the network. A typical corporate use involves attaching several WAPs to a wired network and then providing wireless access to the office. Within the range of the WAPs, the wireless end user has a full network connection with the benefit of mobility.
In this instance, the WAP functions as a gateway for clients to access the wired network. A Hot Spot is a common public application of WAPs, where wireless clients can connect to the Internet without regard for the particular networks to which they have attached for the moment. The concept has become common in large cities, where a combination of coffeehouses, libraries, as well as privately owned open access points, allow clients to stay more or less continuously connected to the Internet, while moving around. A collection of connected Hot Spots can be referred to as a lily-pad network. Home networks generally have only one WAP to connect all the computers in a home.
Most are wireless routers, meaning converged devices that include a WAP, router, and often an switch in the same device. Many also converge a broadband modem. In places where most homes have their own WAP within range of the neighbors' WAP, it's possible for technically savvy people to turn off their encryption and set up a wireless community network, creating an intra-city communication network without the need of wired networks.
Routers operate at the of the and efficiently route information between. Since routers operate in the third layer, the network layer, they must understand layer 3 addressing. A router will divide a domain by not forwarding broadcasts on one connected network to another connected network. Routers operate in two different planes: the control plane, in which the router learns the outgoing interface that is most appropriate for forwarding specific packets to specific destinations, and the forwarding plane, which is responsible for the actual process of sending a packet received on a logical interface to an outbound logical interface. A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication. It is also a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, decrypt, or proxy all computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria.
Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet. All messages entering or leaving the pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria.
Without proper configuration, a firewall can often become worthless. Standard security practices dictate a 'default-deny' firewall ruleset, in which the only network connections which are allowed are the ones that have been explicitly allowed. When a -configured client (be it a computer or any other network-aware device) connects to a network, the DHCP client sends a broadcast query requesting necessary information from a DHCP server. The DHCP server manages a pool of and information about client configuration parameters such as the default gateway, the domain name, the (Domain Name System) servers, other servers such as time servers, and so forth. Upon receipt of a valid request the server will assign the computer an IP address, a lease (the length of time for which the allocation is valid), and other IP configuration parameters, such as the mask and the default gateway. The query is typically initiated immediately after booting and must be completed before the client can initiate IP-based communication with other hosts. Objective 3.1: Common Network Devices ».
Hubs operate in the of the and have no intelligence. Hubs flood incoming packets to all ports all the time. For this reason, if a network is connected using hubs, the chances of a collision increases linearly with the number of computers (assuming equal bandwidth use).
Hubs pose a security risk since all packets are flooded to all ports all the time. If a user has packet sniffing software, they can extract data from the network and potentially decode it and use it. Hubs make it easy to 'spy' on users on the same LAN as you. A wireless repeater. A repeater is an electronic device that receives a signal and retransmits it at a higher level and/or higher power, or onto the other side of an obstruction, so that the signal can cover longer distances without degradation. Because repeaters work with the actual physical signal, and do not attempt to interpret the data being transmitted, they operate on the, the first layer of the.
Repeaters are majorly employed in long distance transmission to reduce the effect of attenuation. It is important to note that repeaters do not amplify the original signal but simply regenerate it. A network interface card is a computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It is both an OSI layer 1 and layer 2 device, as it provides physical access to a networking medium and provides a low-level addressing system through the use of. It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wirelessly. Most motherboards today come equipped with a network interface card in the form of a controller, with the hardware built into the board itself, eliminating the need for a standalone card. Media converters are simple networking devices that make it possible to connect two dissimilar media types such as twisted pair with fiber optic cabling.
They were introduced to the industry nearly two decades ago, and are important in interconnecting fiber optic cabling-based systems with existing copper-based, structured cabling systems. Media converters support many different data communication protocols including, as well as multiple cabling types such as, and fiber optics. When expanding the reach of a to span multiple locations, media converters are useful in connecting multiple LANs to form one large 'campus area network' that spans over a limited geographic area. As local networks are primarily copper-based, media converters can extend the reach of the LAN over single-mode fiber up to 130 kilometers with 1550 nm optics. Switches are often confused with bridges because they also operate at the of the. Similar to a hub, switches provide a central connection between two or more computers on a network, but with some intelligence. They provide traffic control for packets; rather than forwarding data to all the connected ports, a switch forwards data only to the port on which the destination system is connected.
They use a database of to determine where computers are located and very efficiently send packets only where they need to go. The database is created dynamically as computers communicate on the network. The switch simply watches the incoming packets and memorizes the MAC address and port a packet arrives on. If a packet arrives with a destination computer that the switch does not have an address for in its MAC address table, it will flood the packet out all connected ports.
A switch creates separate collision domains for each physical connection. A switch will only create separate broadcast domains if separate (Virtual Local Area Networks) are assigned to different ports on the switch. Otherwise, a received on one port will be flooded out all ports except the one it came in on. Bridges can be identified by the fact that they operate at the of the. Bridges have intelligence and can 'bridge' two of their ports together at very high speed. They use a database of to determine where computers are located and very efficiently send frames only where they need to go. The database is created dynamically as computers communicate on the network.
A bridge simply watches the incoming frame and memorizes the MAC address and port a frame arrives on. It uses this information to locate a computer if a packet comes in that must be forwarded to it. If a frame arrives at the bridge and the bridge does not know where to send it, the bridge will flood the frame just like a hub does. Bridging is often inaccurately called switching.
A wireless access point (WAP or AP) is a device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or related standards. The WAP usually connects to a wired network, and can relay data between the wireless devices (such as computers or printers) and wired devices on the network. A typical corporate use involves attaching several WAPs to a wired network and then providing wireless access to the office. Within the range of the WAPs, the wireless end user has a full network connection with the benefit of mobility. In this instance, the WAP functions as a gateway for clients to access the wired network.
A Hot Spot is a common public application of WAPs, where wireless clients can connect to the Internet without regard for the particular networks to which they have attached for the moment. The concept has become common in large cities, where a combination of coffeehouses, libraries, as well as privately owned open access points, allow clients to stay more or less continuously connected to the Internet, while moving around. A collection of connected Hot Spots can be referred to as a lily-pad network.
Home networks generally have only one WAP to connect all the computers in a home. Most are wireless routers, meaning converged devices that include a WAP, router, and often an switch in the same device.
Many also converge a broadband modem. In places where most homes have their own WAP within range of the neighbors' WAP, it's possible for technically savvy people to turn off their encryption and set up a wireless community network, creating an intra-city communication network without the need of wired networks.
Networking 101 Pdf
Routers operate at the of the and efficiently route information between. Since routers operate in the third layer, the network layer, they must understand layer 3 addressing.
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A router will divide a domain by not forwarding broadcasts on one connected network to another connected network. Routers operate in two different planes: the control plane, in which the router learns the outgoing interface that is most appropriate for forwarding specific packets to specific destinations, and the forwarding plane, which is responsible for the actual process of sending a packet received on a logical interface to an outbound logical interface. A firewall is a part of a computer system or network that is designed to block unauthorized access while permitting outward communication. It is also a device or set of devices configured to permit, deny, encrypt, decrypt, or proxy all computer traffic between different security domains based upon a set of rules and other criteria. Firewalls can be implemented in both hardware and software, or a combination of both. Firewalls are frequently used to prevent unauthorized Internet users from accessing private networks connected to the Internet. All messages entering or leaving the pass through the firewall, which examines each message and blocks those that do not meet the specified security criteria.
Without proper configuration, a firewall can often become worthless. Standard security practices dictate a 'default-deny' firewall ruleset, in which the only network connections which are allowed are the ones that have been explicitly allowed. When a -configured client (be it a computer or any other network-aware device) connects to a network, the DHCP client sends a broadcast query requesting necessary information from a DHCP server. The DHCP server manages a pool of and information about client configuration parameters such as the default gateway, the domain name, the (Domain Name System) servers, other servers such as time servers, and so forth. Upon receipt of a valid request the server will assign the computer an IP address, a lease (the length of time for which the allocation is valid), and other IP configuration parameters, such as the mask and the default gateway. The query is typically initiated immediately after booting and must be completed before the client can initiate IP-based communication with other hosts. Objective 3.1: Common Network Devices ».
Hardware Inventory Using Network Asset Tracker Pro you will have up-to-date hardware information about each workstation on your network. Basic information:. Processor type and frequency;. BIOS information and serial number;. Motherboard and chassis;.
Network adapters;. Memory size and memory modules;. Hard drive, CD/DVD drive and FDD. Video card and monitor;. Multimedia devices;.
Modems and printers. Extended information:. Manufacturer;. Serial number;.
Version, etc. Settings and parameters:. MAC-address and IP-address;. DHCP, DNS and WINS settings;. Total and free space of logical drives;. Number of memory modules;. Current graphics resolution, etc.
Software Inventory You can track software installed on your network computers, unwanted applications, applications that require an upgrade. Network Asset Tracker Pro retrieves the product keys for a variety of Microsoft Windows, Office, SQL Server and dozens other software products.
It provides the information to assist in managing an enterprise's installed software, implementation and license compliancy program. Software & OS-related information:. Operating system type, version, build, product key and product ID;. Service packs and hotfixes;.
Shared resources;. Startup programs;. Product keys and versions of installed software;. Running processes. Search for Files on Remote Computers You can search for files on remote computers even if that files are not in a shared folder.
Just specify a filename or an extension in the search parameters. How To Use NAT Pro in your environment System requirements Platform:. Windows 10. Windows 8. Windows 7. Windows 2008. Windows Vista.
Windows 2003. Windows XP.
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Windows 2000. Windows NT.
Windows Me. Windows 98 (with WMI CORE) Hardware requirements:. Memory: 128MB RAM. Processor: Pentium-500 MHz. Space required on your hard disk: 10MB. Video mode: true color Main Window On the left side of main window you can see a list of computers, along with host name, IP-address and the date when information was last updated.
You can organize your computers by groups (folders). For this you can use drag and drop. Folder with computers or folders (for example, it might be department or room). network device. computer is on-line and 'NAT Pro - Agent' detected. network device is off-line. network device is on-line.
Getting Started When you first start the program you need to add computers of your network to the list. Network Asset Tracker Pro provides three ways to scan your network:. Enumerate network for all computers;. Add computers by domain;. Add computers by range of IP addresses. Add UPnP Printers. Also, you can add computers to the list manually one-by-one.
Enumerate network for all computers Network Asset Tracker Pro enables you to scan all available computers on your network with just one click. To enumerate all computers on your network perform the following steps:.
Click 'Find Computers' button from the toolbar or press 'F3';. This will start scanning your network for all available computers;. To cancel scanning process, click the 'Stop finding of computers' button from the toolbar or press 'F4';. When the scanning process will complete you will see the list of computers.
Add computers by domain To add computers by domain perform the following steps:. Click 'Add Computers by Domain' button from the toolbar;. An 'Add Computers by Domain' dialog box will appear on the screen;. Type name of domain;. Click 'Ok' button.
Add computers by range of IP addresses Sometimes you need to scan available computers within a particular range of IP addresses. Just provide the starting address, the last IP address and Network Asset Tracker Pro will scan all available computers between that range of IP addresses. To add computers by range of IP addresses perform the following steps:. Click 'Add Computers by IP range' button from the toolbar;.
An 'Add Computers by IP range' dialog box will appear on the screen;. Type a range of IP addresses;. Click 'Ok' button. Add computers manually To add computers manually you should click 'Add Computer by Host Name' button from the toolbar or press 'Ctrl+N'. Then type a host name of the computer and click 'Ok' button. How to delete computers To delete computers or folders press 'Del' key or select menu 'Computer' - 'Delete'.
Then selected folders and computers will be deleted from the list. How to get information from remote PC You can get information from remote computer through WMI (agentless method) or through 'NAT Pro - Agent' (agent-based method). By default Network Asset Tracker Pro uses WMI. To use agent-based scan you should install 'NAT Pro - Agent' on remote PC. Network Asset Tracker Pro automatically detects if 'NAT Pro - Agent' is installed on remote computer. Just select computers you want to scan and click 'Get Info' button from the toolbar or press 'Ctrl+I'.
This will start scanning remote computers. You can set up the type of information collected from remote computers. To do this select menu 'File' - 'Options', then 'Scan Properties'.
The account attempting remote access should be an administrator on the target computer (for example - domain administrator). If you don't have rights of the domain administrator you can use custom logon name and password for getting info from remote PC. To do this, select menu 'File' - 'Options', then 'Custom Logon'. How to use Logon Script To use logon script select menu 'File' - 'Options', then select 'Scan Using Logon Script'. All you need is to set up shared folder where an inventory tool natagent.exe will be placed and shared folder where resulting files will be saved. To create a new logon script you should click 'Create logon script' button. If you already have logon script please click 'Update existing logon script' button.
Usually logon scripts are located in the folder '%systemroot% SYSVOL sysvol domainname scripts'. You can assign a logon script to a user account. When a user logs on and a path to a logon script is present in the user account, the file is located and run. The natagent.exe closes immediately after the logon script ends.
How to create report Network Asset Tracker Pro provides four types of reports:. System Info;.
Software Info;. Processes Info;. Installed Software. All that you need is to select report type in menu 'Report', then mark information which you want to add to the report. To save settings made for report mark 'Save Settings' check box.
You can export reports in HTML, MS Excel and RTF formats. Example of list-style report:. Example of sheet-style report:. How to use scheduler To enable scan schedule select menu 'File' - 'Options', then select 'Scheduler'.
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